Factor V Leiden test (FAK-tur five LIDE-n) is a mutation in one of the blood clotting factors. This mutation increases the likelihood of developing abnormal blood clots, most commonly in the legs or lungs.
The vast majority of people with factor V Leiden never develop abnormal clots. However, in those who do, these abnormal clots can cause long-term health problems or even death.
Symptoms
The factor V Leiden mutation causes no symptoms on its own.. Because factor V Leiden increases the risk of developing blood clots in the leg or lungs, the first sign that you have the disorder could be the formation of an abnormal blood clot.
Some clots cause no harm and vanish on their own. Others are potentially fatal. The symptoms of a blood clot vary depending on the part of your body affected.
A blood clot in a deep vein
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition that most commonly affects the legs. A DVT may not be accompanied by any symptoms .If symptoms do appear, they may include the following:
Pain Swelling Redness Warmth
Causes
If you have factor V Leiden, you either inherited one or two copies of the defective gene. Inheriting one copy increases your risk of developing blood clots slightly. Having two copies — one from each parent — increases your risk of developing blood clots significantly.
Risk elements
If you have a family history of factor V Leiden, you are more likely to inherit the disorder. The disorder is most common in white and European-descent people.
People who have only one parent with factor V Leiden have a 5% chance of developing an abnormal blood clot by the age of 65. This risk is increased by the following factors:
There are two faulty genes.
• Inheriting the genetic mutation from both parents rather than just one increases your risk of abnormal blood clots significantly.
• Immobility. Extended periods of immobility, such as sitting for an extended period of time on a long aeroplane flight, can increase the risk of leg clots.
• Estrogens. Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and pregnancy can all increase your risk of developing blood clots.
Complications
Factor V Leiden can result in blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and the lungs. These blood clots are potentially fatal.
Diagnosis
If you’ve had one or more episodes of abnormal blood clotting, or if you have a strong family history of abnormal blood clots, your doctor may suspect factor V Leiden. A blood test can confirm whether you have factor V Leiden.
Treatment
Blood-thinning medications are typically prescribed by doctors to patients who develop abnormal blood clots. This type of medication is usually unnecessary for people who have the factor V Leiden mutation but have not had abnormal blood clots.
If you have the factor V Leiden mutation and are going to have surgery, your doctor may advise you to take extra precautions to prevent blood clots. These safeguards could include:
- Blood thinners for a limited time
- Leg wraps that inflate and deflate to keep your legs’ blood flowing.
- Stockings with compression
- Taking walks soon after surgery
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