What is faecal calprotectin?
Faecal calprotectin is a substance that your body produces when your intestines are inflamed.
Increased levels of faecal calprotectin, a protein biomarker, are linked to active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Calprotectin levels that are low may indicate another issue that is causing inflammation (see below).
Faecal calprotectin testing assists clinicians in distinguishing between inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel issues of the lower gastrointestinal tract (such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It has become a more common method of measuring intestinal inflammation in recent years. It is a less invasive and less expensive test than endoscopy.
How is faecal calprotectin determined?
Calprotectin levels are determined using a stool sample. Your doctor will provide you with a vial in which to collect the stool. After you have completed the sample, it will be sent to a laboratory for testing.
When should faecal calprotectin be measured?
Calprotectin levels are measured when IBD is suspected or when someone with IBD is being monitored.
Doctors frequently use it to distinguish between IBS and IBD; IBS patients do not have elevated faecal calprotectin levels because the condition is not inflammatory.
What does a high faecal calprotectin level mean?
A high calprotectin level usually indicates active inflammation in the body. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis are commonly associated with this. The higher your faecal calprotectin level, the more inflammation in your intestines.
If you have IBD but your calprotectin levels return to ‘normal,’ your doctor will likely consider you to be in clinical remission.
- An infection caused by bacteria
- Diverticulitis of mild severity (inflammation or infection of the diverticula – small bulges or pockets that can develop in the lining of the intestine as you get older)
- Irritation of the gut lining, resulting in an inflammatory response (this could be caused by NSAIDs such as aspirin or ibuprofen, or by excessive alcohol consumption).
- Some drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors,
What are considered normal faecal calprotectin levels?
Most people have some calprotectin in their bodies, but when these levels exceed what is considered “normal,” IBD may be suspected. Some people with IBS or other conditions may have calprotectin levels that are slightly higher than ‘normal.’
Calprotectin test results are typically given as a single number. This number is then compared to the test’s cut-off value. If the number is less than the cut-off value, the test is considered negative, or normal. If it is higher than the cut-off value, the test is considered positive, or abnormal.
Obtaining a faecal calprotectin test
If you are concerned about symptoms such as chronic diarrhoea, bloating, or abdominal pain, you should consult your doctor. They may ask you to take a stool test to determine your level of faecal calprotectin.
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